五彩海云龙纹天球瓶
原标题：五彩海云龙纹天球瓶
五彩泛指各种颜色，其中以黄、青、红、白和黑色为主，这五种颜色从其阴阳五行上来说分别代表了金、木、水、火、土，分别象征着东、西、南、北、中。五彩的兴盛时期主要是在明清两朝，五彩瓷器的精美依赖于整个制瓷过程。从制坯、烧成、彩绘、二次烧成，环环相连，一丝不苟。
明清时景德镇制瓷分工很细，仅彩绘一项，《景德镇陶录》记载，就有“乳颜料工、画样工、绘事工、配色工、填色工、烧炉工”。每工各司其职，以致达到纯熟致精的境界。这种分工制度，有力地保证了彩瓷的工艺质量。五彩在画彩时有严格的工艺规定。“至画瓷所需之料，经月之后始堪应用。”画彩时“须将各种颜料研细调合，必熟谙颜色火候之性，以眼明、心细、手准为佳。其用颜料法有三，一用芸香油，一用胶水，一用清水。盖油便于渲染，胶便于榻抹，而清水调色则便于堆填”。详细叙述了彩绘的用料和方法。这些方法是景德镇陶工、画师集多年的实践经验，探索出来的有效工艺成果。五彩绚丽丰富的色彩特征，也是这些绘制工艺创造的结晶。
从其清朝的五彩瓷器上看，主要是以柔和之感为主，透视感较强、绘画的工艺较为的精湛、生动感较强。从其装饰的图案上看，画面较为的生动逼真且题材内容较为的丰富，有了戏曲、小说等题材的出现；从其工艺上看，用笔较为的精细纤巧，构图上较为的简洁、明朗，其收藏价值较高，因其工艺制作较为的精湛且光润度呈现较好，受到了广大收藏爱好者的喜爱。
Five colors generally refer to all kinds of colors, mainly yellow, green, red, white and black. These five colors represent gold, wood, water, fire and earth respectively from their yin and Yang and five elements, and represent East, West, South, North and middle respectively. The flourishing period of multicolored porcelain was mainly in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The delicacy of multicolored porcelain depended on the whole process of porcelain making. From the blank, firing, painting, secondary firing, ring connected, meticulous.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the division of labor of porcelain making in Jingdezhen was very detailed. There was only one item of color painting. According to the records of Jingdezhen pottery records, there were "milk and pigment workers, sample workers, painting workers, color matching workers, color filling workers and furnace workers". Each worker performs his own duties, so as to reach the level of proficiency and refinement. This system of division of labor has effectively ensured the quality of colored porcelain. There are strict technical regulations for multicolor painting. "When it comes to the materials needed for porcelain painting, they can only be used after a few months." When painting colors, "we must carefully mix all kinds of pigments, and be familiar with the nature of color and heat. It's better to be clear-sighted, careful and accurate. There are three pigment methods, one is rutin oil, one is glue, and the other is water. Cover oil is easy to render, glue is easy to wipe, and clear water is easy to fill. The materials and methods of color painting are described in detail. These methods are the effective technological achievements of Jingdezhen potters and painters based on years of practical experience. The colorful and rich color features are also the crystallization of these painting techniques.
From the perspective of the colorful porcelain of the Qing Dynasty, it mainly has a soft feeling, strong sense of perspective, exquisite painting technology and strong vitality. From its decorative patterns, the picture is more vivid and rich in theme content, with the emergence of drama, novels and other themes; from its craft, the pen is more delicate, the composition is more concise and clear, its collection value is higher, because its craft is more exquisite and the gloss is better, it is loved by the majority of collectors.
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